Government Standards
Next Generation Science
Science - Grade 12
Assessment Exam - NGS - High School| Physical Science | eTAP Lesson |
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| Matter and Its Interactions | |
| Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.
NGS.HS-PS1-1 |
Connection Among the Location in the Table, the Atomic Number, and Mass |
| Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
NGS.HS-PS1-2 |
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| Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.
NGS.HS-PS1-3 |
Ionization Energy, Electronegativity, Relative Sizes |
| Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
NGS.HS-PS1-4 |
Covalent, Metallic or Ionic Bonds Chemical Bonds in Molecular Atoms |
| Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.
NGS.HS-PS1-5 |
Rate of Reaction Concentration, Temperature and Pressure |
| Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.
NGS.HS-PS1-6 |
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| Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.
NGS.HS-PS1-7 |
Descriptions of Chemical Reactions and Writing Chemical Equations |
| Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.
NGS.HS-PS1-8 |
Nuclear Forces Energy Release in Nuclear Fusion Three Common Forms of Radioactive Decay |
| Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions | |
| Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.
NGS.HS-PS2-1 |
One Dimensional Motion Problems (Newton's Second Law) |
| Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.
NGS.HS-PS2-2 |
Momentum Conservation Momentum Calculations |
| Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes theforce on a macroscopic objectduring a collision.
NGS.HS-PS2-3 |
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions |
| Use mathematical representations of Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.
NGS.HS-PS2-4 |
Universal Law of Gravitation Problems With Coulomb's Law |
| Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.
NGS.HS-PS2-5 |
Magnetic Materials and Electric Currents Effects of Changing Magnetic Fields |
| Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.
NGS.HS-PS2-6 |
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| Energy | |
| Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.
NGS.HS-PS3-1 |
Kinetic Energy Calculations |
| Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motion of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects).
NGS.HS-PS3-2 |
Gravitational Potential Energy Calculations |
| Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convertone form of energy into another form of energy.
NGS.HS-PS3-3 |
Conservation of Energy Problems |
| Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).
NGS.HS-PS3-4 |
Second Law of Thermodynamics Problems Involving Heat Flow, Work, and Efficiency in a Heat Engine |
| Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.
NGS.HS-PS3-5 |
Electrical and Gravitational Potential Energy Problems |
| Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer | |
| Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.
NGS.HS-PS4-1 |
Waves and Energy Wavelength, Frequency, and Wave Speed Problems |
| Evaluate questions about the advantages of using digital transmission and storage of information.
NGS.HS-PS4-2 |
Sound Waves, Radio Waves, Light, and X-rays |
| Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.
NGS.HS-PS4-3 |
Plasma Vector Force Fields of Electric and Magnetic Fields |
| Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed bymatter.
NGS.HS-PS4-4 |
Force on a Charged Particle Magnitude of Force |
| Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.
NGS.HS-PS4-5 |
Electric Field Calculations Static Electric Fields |
| Life Science | eTAP Lesson |
| From Molecules to Organisms:Structures and Processes | |
| Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
NGS.HS-LS1-1 |
Cell Membrane Enzymes Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells |
| Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
NGS.HS-LS1-2 |
Cell Gene Patterns in Multicellular Organisms RNA's Role |
| Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
NGS.HS-LS1-3 |
Energy Capture and Storage |
| Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.
NGS.HS-LS1-4 |
Mitochondria |
| Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.
NGS.HS-LS1-5 |
Energy Pyramid |
| Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.
NGS.HS-LS1-6 |
Water, Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle |
| Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed, resulting in a net transfer of energy.
NGS.HS-LS1-7 |
Macromolecules |
| Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics | |
| Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.
NGS.HS-LS2-1 |
Biodiversity Ecosystem Changes |
| Use mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.
NGS.HS-LS2-2 |
Fluctuation in Population Size Stability in an Ecosystem |
| Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
NGS.HS-LS2-3 |
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| Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy amongorganisms in an ecosystem.
NGS.HS-LS2-4 |
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| Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.
NGS.HS-LS2-5 |
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| Evaluate claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
NGS.HS-LS2-6 |
Accommodation and Adaptation New Mutations |
| Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.
NGS.HS-LS2-7 |
Selection and Diversity Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
| Evaluate evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species’ chances to survive and reproduce.
NGS.HS-LS2-8 |
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| Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits | |
| Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.
NGS.HS-LS3-1 |
Structure and Function of DNA, RNA Adding DNA to Bacterial Genetic Material |
| Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.
NGS.HS-LS3-2 |
Meiosis Random Chromosome Segregation |
| Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.
NGS.HS-LS3-3 |
Base Pairing Rules Genetic Engineering DNA Technology and Recombinant DNA |
| Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity | |
| Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.
NGS.HS-LS4-1 |
Evidence of Evolution Branching Diagrams |
| Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.
NGS.HS-LS4-2 |
Lethal Homozygous Alleles and Their Roles Great Diversity-Increased Chance to Survive |
| Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.
NGS.HS-LS4-3 |
When Did the Different Organisms Start to Develop Differently? |
| Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.
NGS.HS-LS4-4 |
Natural Selection Reproductive and Geographic Isolation |
| Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.
NGS.HS-LS4-5 |
Effects of Genetic Drifts Fossil Analysis Branching Diagram (Cladogram) |
| Create or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity.
NGS.HS-LS4-6 |
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| Earth and Space Science | eTAP Lesson |
| Earth’s Place in the Universe | |
| Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation.
NGS.HS-ESS1-1 |
Nuclear Fusion in Stars Galaxies |
| Construct an explanation of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of matter in the universe.
NGS.HS-ESS1-2 |
The Big Bang Model |
| Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.
NGS.HS-ESS1-3 |
Life Cycle of Stars / The Balance Between Gravitational Collapse and Nuclear Fusion |
| Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.
NGS.HS-ESS1-4 |
Where is the Solar System? |
| Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.
NGS.HS-ESS1-5 |
Plate Boundaries |
| Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth’s formation and early history.
NGS.HS-ESS1-6 |
Early Earth Rocks and their Properties |
| Earth’s Systems | |
| Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
NGS.HS-ESS2-1 |
The Internal Structure of the Earth How Do Earthquakes Happen and Where? |
| Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth’s surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth systems.
NGS.HS-ESS2-2 |
The Relationship Between the Rotation of the Earth and the Circular Motion of Ocean Currents and Air in Pressure Centers |
| Develop a model based on evidence of Earth’s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.
NGS.HS-ESS2-3 |
Circulation Patterns in the Earth's Atmosphere and Oceans |
| Use a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth’s systems result in changes in climate.
NGS.HS-ESS2-4 |
Weather and Climate Climate and Topography |
| Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes
NGS.HS-ESS2-5 |
Properties of Ocean Water |
| Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
NGS.HS-ESS2-6 |
Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle/Global Carbon Cycle Movement of Matter Among Reservoirs |
| Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
NGS.HS-ESS2-7 |
The Origin and Effects of Temperature Inversion |
| Earth and Human Activity | |
| Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.
NGS.HS-ESS3-1 |
How to Measure Earthquakes? Volcanoes |
| Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.
NGS.HS-ESS3-2 |
Internal and External Energy; Energy Budget |
| Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among the management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.
NGS.HS-ESS3-3 |
Greenhouse Effect on Earth Geological Regions and Resources |
| Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.
NGS.HS-ESS3-4 |
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| Analyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change and associated future impacts to Earth’s systems.
NGS.HS-ESS3-5 |
How Has Earth's Climate Changed Over Time? |
| Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.
NGS.HS-ESS3-6 |
Computer Models to Study Greenhouse Effect |
| Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science | eTAP Lesson |
| Engineering Design | |
| Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.
NGS.HS-ETS1-1 |
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| Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.
NGS.HS-ETS1-2 |
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| Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problembased on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.
NGS.HS-ETS1-3 |
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| Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.
NGS.HS-ETS1-4 |
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