Standardized Test Preparation



GED

Language Arts

Assessment Exam - GED Reasoning Through Language Arts
Reading eTAP Lesson
Determine central ideas or themes of texts and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.
Comprehend explicit details and main ideas in text
GED.R.2.1
Prepare a Speech Outline
Summarize details and ideas in text
GED.R.2.2
Note-taking, Outlining & Summarizing
Make sentence level inferences about details that support main ideas
GED.R.2.3
Essay Structure
Infer implied main ideas in paragraphs or whole texts
GED.R.2.4
Analyze the Type of Arguments the Speaker Uses
Determine which detail(s) support(s) a main idea
GED.R.2.5
Revise Writing to Improve the Logic and Coherence
Identify a theme, or identify which element(s) in a text support a theme
GED.R.2.6
How to Enhance a Specific Tone and Purpose
Make evidence based generalizations or hypotheses based on details in text, including clarifications, extensions, or applications of main ideas to new situations
GED.R.2.7
Write Persuasive Compositions
Draw conclusions or make generalizations that require synthesis of multiple main ideas in text
GED.R.2.8
Forms of Classical and Contemporary Logical Arguments
Analyze how individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text
Order sequences of events in texts
GED.R.3.1
Elements of Plot
Make inferences about plot/sequence of events, characters/people, settings, or ideas in texts
GED.R.3.2
Characters Traits
Analyze relationships within texts, including how events are important in relation to plot or conflict; how people, ideas, or events are connected, developed, or distinguished; how events contribute to theme or relate to key ideas; or how a setting or context shapes structure and meaning
GED.R.3.3
Cause and Effect Organization of Text
Infer relationships between ideas in a text (e.g., an implicit cause and effect, parallel, or contrasting relationship
GED.R.3.4
Describe the Functions of Soliloquies, Asides
Analyze the roles that details play in complex literary or informational texts
GED.R.3.5
Appropriate Conventions for Documentation
Interpret words and phrases that appear frequently in texts from a wide variety of disciplines, including determining connotative and figurative meanings from context and analyzing how specific word choices shape meaning or tone
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining connotative and figurative meanings from context
GED.R.4.1
Denotative and Connotative Meaning
Analyze how meaning or tone is affected when one word is replaced with another
GED.R.4.2
How Language and Delivery Affect the Mood and Tone of Oral Communication
Analyze the impact of specific words, phrases, or figurative language in text, with a focus on an author’s intent to convey information or construct an argument
GED.R.4.3
Literal and Figurative Meaning of Words
Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences or paragraphs relate to each other and the whole
Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas
GED.R.5.1
Develop Main Ideas within the Body of the Composition
Analyze the structural relationship between adjacent sections of text (e.g., how one paragraph develops or refines a key concept or how one idea is distinguished from another)
GED.R.5.2
Logical Patterns of Organization
Analyze transitional language or signal words (words that indicate structural relationships, such as consequently, nevertheless, otherwise) and determine how they refine meaning, emphasize certain ideas, or reinforce an author’s purpose
GED.R.5.3
Paragraph Transitions
Analyze how the structure of a paragraph, section, or passage shapes meaning, emphasizes key ideas, or supports an author’s purpose
GED.R.5.4
Characterization
Determine an author’s purpose or point of view in a text and explain how it is conveyed and shapes the content and style of a text
Determine an author’s point of view or purpose of a text
GED.R.6.1
Paraphrase a Speaker's Purpose and Point of View
Analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others or how an author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints
GED.R.6.2
Ambiguities, Subtleties, Ironies
Infer an author’s implicit as well as explicit purposes based on details in text
GED.R.6.3
How to Reach Rhetorical or Aesthetic Purposes
Analyze how an author uses rhetorical techniques to advance his or her point of view or achieve a specific purpose (e.g., analogies, enumerations, repetition and parallelism, juxtaposition of opposites, qualifying statements)
GED.R.6.4
Analogies
Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics
Draw specific comparisons between two texts that address similar themes or topics or between information presented in different formats (e.g., between information presented in text and information or data summarized in a table or timeline)
GED.R.7.1
Databases & Spreadsheets
Analyze how data or quantitative and/or visual information extends, clarifies, or contradicts information in text, or determine how data supports an author’s argument
GED.R.7.2
Logical Fallacies Used in Oral Addresses
Compare two passages that present related ideas or themes in different genre or formats in order to synthesize details, draw conclusions, or apply information to new situations
GED.R.7.4
The Influence of the Historical Period
Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence
Delineate the specific steps of an argument the author puts forward, including how the argument’s claims build on one another
GED.R.8.1
Structuring Ideas and Arguments
Identify specific pieces of evidence an author uses in support of claims or conclusions
GED.R.8.2
Conclusions
Evaluate the relevance and sufficiency of evidence offered in support of a claim
GED.R.8.3
Write Persuasive Compositions
Distinguish claims that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not
GED.R.8.4
Statements & Claims
Assess whether the reasoning is valid; identify fallacious reasoning in an argument and evaluate its impact
GED.R.8.5
Respond to Persuasive Messages
Identify an underlying premise or assumption in an argument and evaluate the logical support and evidence provided
GED.R.8.6
Forms of Classical and Contemporary Logical Arguments
Analyze how individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text
Draw specific comparisons between two texts that address similar themes or topics or between information presented in different formats (e.g., between information presented in text and information or data summarized in a table or timeline)
GED.R.9.1
Informative Presentations
Compare two passages in similar or closely related genre that share ideas or themes, focusing on similarities and/or differences in perspective, tone, style, structure, purpose, or overall impact
GED.R.9.2
How Visual Image Makers Present the Same Events
Compare two argumentative passages on the same topic that present opposing claims (either main or supporting claims) and analyze how each text emphasizes different evidence or advances a different interpretation of facts
GED.R.9.3
How to Present a Clear Thesis Statement
Writing eTAP Lesson
Writing Assessment
Determine the details of what is explicitly stated and make logical inferences or valid claim that square with textual evidence
GED.W.1
The Four Basic Types of Persuasive Speech
Produce an extended analytic response in which the writer introduces the idea(s) or claim(s) clearly; creates an organization that logically sequences information; develops the idea(s) or claim(s) thoroughly with well-chosen examples, facts, or details from the text; and maintains a coherent focus
GED.W.2
Revise Writing to Improve the Logic and Coherence
Write clearly and demonstrate sufficient command of standard English conventions
GED.W.3
Write Business Letters
Language eTAP Lesson
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking
Edit to correct errors involving frequently confused words and homonyms, including contractions (passed, past; two, too, to; there, their, they’re; knew, new; it’s its)
GED.L.1.1
Summary
Edit to correct errors in straightforward subject-verb agreement
GED.L.1.2
Demonstrate the Understanding of Proper English Usage and Grammar
Edit to correct errors in pronoun usage, including pronoun-antecedent agreement, unclear pronoun references, and pronoun case
GED.L.1.3
Parts of Speech
Edit to eliminate non-standard or informal usage (e.g., correctly use try to win the game instead of try and win the game)
GED.L.1.4
Logical Fallacies Used in Oral Addresses
Edit to eliminate dangling or misplaced modifiers or illogical word order (e.g., correctly use to meet almost all requirements instead of to almost meet all requirements.)
GED.L.1.5
Modifiers Using Active Voice
Edit to ensure parallelism and proper subordination and coordination
GED.L.1.6
Identify Correctly Used Clauses
Edit to correct errors in subject-verb or pronoun antecedent agreement in more complicated situations (e.g., with compound subjects, interceding phrases, or collective nouns)
GED.L.1.7
Revise Text to Highlight the Individual Voice, Improve Sentence Variety and Style
Edit to eliminate wordiness or awkward sentence construction
GED.L.1.8
Effective and Interesting Language
Edit to ensure effective use of transitional words, conjunctive adverbs, and other words and phrases that support logic and clarity
GED.L.1.9
Structure and Format of Functional Documents

Adverbs
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization and punctuation when writing
Edit to ensure correct use of capitalization (e.g., proper nouns, titles, and beginnings of sentences)
GED.L.2.1
Mechanics of Writing
Edit to eliminate run-on sentences, fused sentences, or sentence fragments
GED.L.2.2
Understand Sentence Construction
Edit to ensure correct use of apostrophes with possessive nouns
GED.L.2.3
Apostrophes
Edit to ensure correct use of punctuation (e.g., commas in a series or in appositives and other non- essential elements, end marks, and appropriate punctuation for clause separation)
GED.L.2.4